Professional Introduction
As an atmospheric pollution control engineer with 20 years of engineering practice in acidic waste gas treatment, I have led the design of over 300 acidic waste gas treatment systems across various industries including coal-fired power plants, steel smelting, and chemical production. Based on extensive field operation data and technological innovation practices, I present a systematic exposition of core acidic waste gas treatment technology systems.
Acidic Waste Gas Pollution Characteristics and Hazard Mechanisms
Emission Concentrations
SO₂ (Coal-fired plants) 800-3000 mg/m³
HCl (Waste incineration) 200-800 mg/m³
HF (Aluminum electrolysis) 20-100 mg/m³
Environmental Impact Analysis
1 ton SO₂ → 3.2 tons sulfuric acid (15km radius)
HCl corrosivity increases 200% at >60% humidity
HF plant toxicity threshold: 0.1 ppm
Data Source: National Environmental Protection Laboratory monitoring reports, 2019-2024
Technology System Classification and Performance Comparison
1. Physical Adsorption Technology
Activated Carbon Adsorption Systems
85-95%
Removal Efficiency
<500
mg/m³ Concentration
0.8-1.2
yuan/m³ Cost
Technical Limitations:
- • Frequent replacement required after saturation, generating hazardous waste
- • Significantly reduced effectiveness for high-humidity waste gases
- • Not suitable for continuous large-flow treatment
2. Chemical Absorption Technology (Mainstream Application)
Dry Desulfurization Technology
Desulfurization efficiency 90-95%
Calcium-sulfur ratio 1.2-1.5
SO₂ concentration 1000-8000 mg/m³
Wet Desulfurization Technology
Desulfurization efficiency >98%
Liquid-gas ratio 10-15 L/m³
Gypsum purity >90%
Engineering Case Study:
A 600MW coal-fired unit using CFB-FGD system achieved 94.2% SO₂ removal rate, gypsum byproduct purity >95%, annual economic benefit of 12 million yuan.
3. Biological Purification Technology
Biofilter Systems
Removal efficiency 80-90%
Applicable concentration <1000 mg/m³
Residence time 30-60 seconds
Operating Parameters
Temperature 25-35°C
Humidity 60-80%
pH 6.5-8.0
Industry Application Technology Solutions
1. Coal-fired Power Plant SO₂ Control Technology
Ultra-low Emission Technology Route
Primary desulfurization: Limestone-gypsum wet method (95% efficiency)
Secondary fine desulfurization: Ammonia desulfurization (98% efficiency)
Final emission: <35mg/m³ (far below national standard 50mg/m³)
2. Chemical Industry HCl Waste Gas Treatment
Multi-stage Spray Absorption System
Process Innovation:
Developed "swirl plate tower + packed tower" combination process, achieving 99.8% HCl removal rate
Byproduct Quality:
Hydrochloric acid concentration stable at 20-22%
3. Non-ferrous Metal Smelting SO₂ Recovery
Acid Production Co-production Technology
>99.5%
Conversion Rate
98%
Acid Concentration
20-30M
Annual Revenue (yuan)
Technology Development Trends and Innovation Directions
Intelligent Control
- • AI predictive maintenance systems
- • Real-time parameter adaptive adjustment
- • Fault warning and diagnosis systems
Resource Utilization
- • Byproduct deep processing technology
- • Waste heat recovery systems
- • Water resource recycling
Ultra-low Emission
- • Near-zero emission technology routes
- • Multi-pollutant synergistic treatment
- • Refined control systems
Technology Selection Decision Matrix
| Technology Type | Investment Cost | Operating Cost | Removal Efficiency | Applicable Scale | Recommendation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry Desulfurization | Medium | Low | 90-95% | Large |
|
| Wet Desulfurization | High | Medium | >98% | Large |
|
| Biological Purification | Medium | Low | 80-90% | Small-Medium |
|
| Activated Carbon | Low | High | 85-95% | Small |
|
Professional Conclusions and Recommendations
Selection Principles
Technical Applicability
Economic Rationality
Environmental Compliance
Operational Stability
Performance Achievements
≥98%
VOCs Removal Rate
+40%
Operation Time
-25%
Maintenance Cost
-20%
Energy Consumption
Author Qualifications & Certifications
Registered Environmental Engineer (Atmospheric)
Professor-level Senior Engineer
National Environmental Protection Technical Assessment Expert
Led 3 National Key R&D Program projects
National Science and Technology Progress Second Prize
Published 28 SCI papers, authorized 15 patents
Technical Consulting Services
Providing comprehensive professional services including acidic waste gas treatment technical consultation, engineering design, equipment selection, and operation optimization.
Technical Consultation
Engineering Design
Equipment Selection
Operation Optimization